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SkillsCapability API Reference

SkillsCapability integrates pydantic-ai-skills with Pydantic AI's capabilities API.

This is the preferred integration path. Use it when your agent uses capabilities=[...].

Bases: AbstractCapability[Any]

Capability wrapper for SkillsToolset.

Use this class with the agent capabilities=[...] API.

Example 
from pydantic_ai import Agent
from pydantic_ai_skills import SkillsCapability

agent = Agent(
    model='openai:gpt-5.2',
    capabilities=[SkillsCapability(directories=['./skills'])],
)

Set defer_loading=True (with a stable id) to hide the skills tools and instructions behind the agent's load_capability tool until the model explicitly loads them:

```python
agent = Agent(
    model='openai:gpt-5.2',
    capabilities=[
        SkillsCapability(id='skills', directories=['./skills'], defer_loading=True),
    ],
)
```

The capability is usable in declarative agent specs (Agent.from_spec / Agent.from_file) by passing it via custom_capability_types:

```yaml
capabilities:
  - SkillsCapability:
      directories: ['./skills']
      defer_loading: true
      id: skills
```

```python
agent = Agent.from_file('agent.yaml', custom_capability_types=[SkillsCapability])
```

Only serializable arguments are spec-expressible (see from_spec); programmatic skills, registries, and SkillsDirectory instances require Python construction.

Source code in pydantic_ai_skills/capability.py 
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@dataclass
class SkillsCapability(AbstractCapability[Any]):
    """Capability wrapper for `SkillsToolset`.

    Use this class with the agent `capabilities=[...]` API.

    Example:
        ```python
        from pydantic_ai import Agent
        from pydantic_ai_skills import SkillsCapability

        agent = Agent(
            model='openai:gpt-5.2',
            capabilities=[SkillsCapability(directories=['./skills'])],
        )
        ```

    Set `defer_loading=True` (with a stable `id`) to hide the skills tools and
    instructions behind the agent's `load_capability` tool until the model
    explicitly loads them:

        ```python
        agent = Agent(
            model='openai:gpt-5.2',
            capabilities=[
                SkillsCapability(id='skills', directories=['./skills'], defer_loading=True),
            ],
        )
        ```

    The capability is usable in declarative agent specs (`Agent.from_spec` /
    `Agent.from_file`) by passing it via `custom_capability_types`:

        ```yaml
        capabilities:
          - SkillsCapability:
              directories: ['./skills']
              defer_loading: true
              id: skills
        ```

        ```python
        agent = Agent.from_file('agent.yaml', custom_capability_types=[SkillsCapability])
        ```

    Only serializable arguments are spec-expressible (see
    [`from_spec`][pydantic_ai_skills.capability.SkillsCapability.from_spec]); programmatic
    `skills`, `registries`, and `SkillsDirectory` instances require Python construction.
    """

    _: KW_ONLY

    skills: list[Skill] | None = None
    """Pre-loaded skills."""

    directories: list[str | Path | SkillsDirectory] | None = None
    """Skill directories to discover."""

    registries: list[SkillRegistry] | None = None
    """Remote registries to discover."""

    validate: bool = True
    """Validate skill structure during discovery."""

    max_depth: int | None = 3
    """Maximum discovery depth."""

    exclude_resources: list[str] | None = None
    """Extra glob patterns to exclude from resource discovery, in addition to the built-in defaults."""

    instruction_template: str | None = None
    """Optional custom instructions template."""

    include: list[str] | None = None
    """Exact skill names to expose. Cannot be combined with `exclude`."""

    exclude: list[str] | None = None
    """Exact skill names to omit from the catalog. Cannot be combined with `include`."""

    exclude_tools: set[str] | list[str] | None = None
    """Tool names to exclude."""

    auto_reload: bool = False
    """Re-scan directories before each run."""

    _toolset: SkillsToolset = field(init=False, repr=False, compare=False)

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
        """Validate deferred configuration and build the underlying toolset.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If ``defer_loading`` is True but no ``id`` is provided.
        """
        if self.defer_loading and self.id is None:
            raise ValueError("SkillsCapability requires a stable 'id' when defer_loading=True.")

        self._toolset = SkillsToolset(
            skills=self.skills,
            directories=self.directories,
            registries=self.registries,
            validate=self.validate,
            max_depth=self.max_depth,
            exclude_resources=self.exclude_resources,
            id=self.id,
            instruction_template=self.instruction_template,
            include=self.include,
            exclude=self.exclude,
            exclude_tools=self.exclude_tools,
            auto_reload=self.auto_reload,
        )

    @classmethod
    def get_serialization_name(cls) -> str | None:
        """Return the name used to reference this capability in agent specs."""
        return 'SkillsCapability'

    @classmethod
    def from_spec(
        cls,
        *,
        directories: list[str] | None = None,
        validate: bool = True,
        max_depth: int | None = 3,
        exclude_resources: list[str] | None = None,
        id: str | None = None,
        instruction_template: str | None = None,
        include: list[str] | None = None,
        exclude: list[str] | None = None,
        exclude_tools: list[str] | None = None,
        auto_reload: bool = False,
        description: str | None = None,
        defer_loading: bool = False,
    ) -> SkillsCapability:
        """Create from a YAML/JSON agent spec.

        Only serializable arguments are supported. Programmatic `skills`, `registries`,
        and `SkillsDirectory` instances cannot be expressed in a spec; construct the
        capability in Python for those.

        Args:
            directories: Skill directories to discover, as path strings.
            validate: Validate skill structure during discovery.
            max_depth: Maximum discovery depth.
            exclude_resources: Extra glob patterns to exclude from resource discovery, in addition
                to the built-in defaults (``__pycache__``, ``*.pyc``, ``.DS_Store`` …).
            id: Stable identifier shared by the capability and its toolset. Required when
                ``defer_loading`` is True.
            instruction_template: Optional custom instructions template.
            include: Exact skill names to expose. Cannot be combined with ``exclude``.
            exclude: Exact skill names to omit from the catalog. Cannot be combined with ``include``.
            exclude_tools: Tool names to exclude.
            auto_reload: Re-scan directories before each run.
            description: Optional catalog description surfaced when ``defer_loading`` is True.
            defer_loading: If True, the skills tools and instructions stay hidden until the
                model loads this capability via the agent's ``load_capability`` tool.
        """
        return cls(
            directories=list(directories) if directories is not None else None,
            validate=validate,
            max_depth=max_depth,
            exclude_resources=list(exclude_resources) if exclude_resources is not None else None,
            id=id,
            instruction_template=instruction_template,
            include=list(include) if include is not None else None,
            exclude=list(exclude) if exclude is not None else None,
            exclude_tools=exclude_tools,
            auto_reload=auto_reload,
            description=description,
            defer_loading=defer_loading,
        )

    def get_toolset(self) -> SkillsToolset | None:
        """Return the underlying skills toolset."""
        return self._toolset

    def get_instructions(self) -> AgentInstructions[AgentDepsT] | None:
        """Return None — instructions are pulled natively from the toolset by the agent."""
        return None

    def get_description(self) -> str | None:
        """Return the catalog description shown when this capability is deferred.

        Falls back to a summary of the available skill names when no explicit
        ``description`` was provided.
        """
        if self.description is not None:
            return self.description
        names = sorted(self._toolset.skills)
        if not names:
            return None
        return 'Provides specialized skills: ' + ', '.join(names) + '.'

    @property
    def toolset(self) -> SkillsToolset:
        """Expose the underlying `SkillsToolset` instance."""
        return self._toolset

__init__ 

__init__(*, skills: list[Skill] | None = None, directories: list[str | Path | SkillsDirectory] | None = None, registries: list[SkillRegistry] | None = None, validate: bool = True, max_depth: int | None = 3, exclude_resources: list[str] | None = None, instruction_template: str | None = None, include: list[str] | None = None, exclude: list[str] | None = None, exclude_tools: set[str] | list[str] | None = None, auto_reload: bool = False) -> None

from_spec classmethod 

from_spec(*, directories: list[str] | None = None, validate: bool = True, max_depth: int | None = 3, exclude_resources: list[str] | None = None, id: str | None = None, instruction_template: str | None = None, include: list[str] | None = None, exclude: list[str] | None = None, exclude_tools: list[str] | None = None, auto_reload: bool = False, description: str | None = None, defer_loading: bool = False) -> SkillsCapability

Create from a YAML/JSON agent spec.

Only serializable arguments are supported. Programmatic skills, registries, and SkillsDirectory instances cannot be expressed in a spec; construct the capability in Python for those.

Parameters:

Name Type Description Default
directories list[str] | None

Skill directories to discover, as path strings.

 None
validate bool

Validate skill structure during discovery.

 True
max_depth int | None

Maximum discovery depth.

 3
exclude_resources list[str] | None

Extra glob patterns to exclude from resource discovery, in addition to the built-in defaults (__pycache__, *.pyc, .DS_Store …).

 None
id str | None

Stable identifier shared by the capability and its toolset. Required when defer_loading is True.

 None
instruction_template str | None

Optional custom instructions template.

 None
include list[str] | None

Exact skill names to expose. Cannot be combined with exclude.

 None
exclude list[str] | None

Exact skill names to omit from the catalog. Cannot be combined with include.

 None
exclude_tools list[str] | None

Tool names to exclude.

 None
auto_reload bool

Re-scan directories before each run.

 False
description str | None

Optional catalog description surfaced when defer_loading is True.

 None
defer_loading bool

If True, the skills tools and instructions stay hidden until the model loads this capability via the agent's load_capability tool.

 False
Source code in pydantic_ai_skills/capability.py 
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@classmethod
def from_spec(
    cls,
    *,
    directories: list[str] | None = None,
    validate: bool = True,
    max_depth: int | None = 3,
    exclude_resources: list[str] | None = None,
    id: str | None = None,
    instruction_template: str | None = None,
    include: list[str] | None = None,
    exclude: list[str] | None = None,
    exclude_tools: list[str] | None = None,
    auto_reload: bool = False,
    description: str | None = None,
    defer_loading: bool = False,
) -> SkillsCapability:
    """Create from a YAML/JSON agent spec.

    Only serializable arguments are supported. Programmatic `skills`, `registries`,
    and `SkillsDirectory` instances cannot be expressed in a spec; construct the
    capability in Python for those.

    Args:
        directories: Skill directories to discover, as path strings.
        validate: Validate skill structure during discovery.
        max_depth: Maximum discovery depth.
        exclude_resources: Extra glob patterns to exclude from resource discovery, in addition
            to the built-in defaults (``__pycache__``, ``*.pyc``, ``.DS_Store`` …).
        id: Stable identifier shared by the capability and its toolset. Required when
            ``defer_loading`` is True.
        instruction_template: Optional custom instructions template.
        include: Exact skill names to expose. Cannot be combined with ``exclude``.
        exclude: Exact skill names to omit from the catalog. Cannot be combined with ``include``.
        exclude_tools: Tool names to exclude.
        auto_reload: Re-scan directories before each run.
        description: Optional catalog description surfaced when ``defer_loading`` is True.
        defer_loading: If True, the skills tools and instructions stay hidden until the
            model loads this capability via the agent's ``load_capability`` tool.
    """
    return cls(
        directories=list(directories) if directories is not None else None,
        validate=validate,
        max_depth=max_depth,
        exclude_resources=list(exclude_resources) if exclude_resources is not None else None,
        id=id,
        instruction_template=instruction_template,
        include=list(include) if include is not None else None,
        exclude=list(exclude) if exclude is not None else None,
        exclude_tools=exclude_tools,
        auto_reload=auto_reload,
        description=description,
        defer_loading=defer_loading,
    )

get_serialization_name classmethod 

get_serialization_name() -> str | None

Return the name used to reference this capability in agent specs.

Source code in pydantic_ai_skills/capability.py 
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@classmethod
def get_serialization_name(cls) -> str | None:
    """Return the name used to reference this capability in agent specs."""
    return 'SkillsCapability'

get_toolset 

get_toolset() -> SkillsToolset | None

Return the underlying skills toolset.

Source code in pydantic_ai_skills/capability.py 
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def get_toolset(self) -> SkillsToolset | None:
    """Return the underlying skills toolset."""
    return self._toolset

get_instructions 

get_instructions() -> AgentInstructions[AgentDepsT] | None

Return None — instructions are pulled natively from the toolset by the agent.

Source code in pydantic_ai_skills/capability.py 
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def get_instructions(self) -> AgentInstructions[AgentDepsT] | None:
    """Return None — instructions are pulled natively from the toolset by the agent."""
    return None

get_description 

get_description() -> str | None

Return the catalog description shown when this capability is deferred.

Falls back to a summary of the available skill names when no explicit description was provided.

Source code in pydantic_ai_skills/capability.py 
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def get_description(self) -> str | None:
    """Return the catalog description shown when this capability is deferred.

    Falls back to a summary of the available skill names when no explicit
    ``description`` was provided.
    """
    if self.description is not None:
        return self.description
    names = sorted(self._toolset.skills)
    if not names:
        return None
    return 'Provides specialized skills: ' + ', '.join(names) + '.'

toolset property 

toolset: SkillsToolset

Expose the underlying SkillsToolset instance.

Constructor Parameters

SkillsCapability.__init__() accepts the same skill loading options as SkillsToolset:

Parameter Type Default Description
skills list[Skill] \| None None Pre-loaded Skill objects.
directories list[str \| Path \| SkillsDirectory] \| None None Local skill sources.
registries list[SkillRegistry] \| None None Remote skill sources.
validate bool True Validate discovered skills.
max_depth int \| None 3 Directory discovery depth.
id str \| None None Optional toolset id.
instruction_template str \| None None Optional custom instruction template.
exclude_tools set[str] \| list[str] \| None None Exclude one or more registered tools.
auto_reload bool False Re-scan local directories before each run.

Behavior Notes

  • Internally wraps a SkillsToolset for behavior parity.
  • get_toolset() and .toolset expose the wrapped SkillsToolset instance.
  • Bundles skill tools and skills instructions through the Capability API.
  • Avoids manual @agent.instructions wiring for get_instructions(ctx).
  • Raises RuntimeError at instantiation time if capabilities API is unavailable.

Example

from pydantic_ai import Agent
from pydantic_ai_skills import SkillsCapability

agent = Agent(
    model='openai:gpt-5.2',
    capabilities=[
        SkillsCapability(
            directories=['./skills'],
            auto_reload=True,
        )
    ],
)

Agent specs

SkillsCapability can be used in declarative agent specs loaded with Agent.from_spec or Agent.from_file. Register the class via custom_capability_types so the spec loader can resolve the SkillsCapability key:

# agent.yaml
model: openai:gpt-5.2
capabilities:
  - SkillsCapability:
      directories: ['./skills']
      id: skills
      defer_loading: true

from pydantic_ai import Agent
from pydantic_ai_skills import SkillsCapability

agent = Agent.from_file('agent.yaml', custom_capability_types=[SkillsCapability])

Only serializable arguments are spec-expressible: directories (as path strings), validate, max_depth, id, instruction_template, exclude_tools, auto_reload, description, and defer_loading. Programmatic skills, registries, and SkillsDirectory instances are not representable in a spec — construct the capability in Python for those. See from_spec.